Effect of Elevated Glycated Hemoglobin on Sternal Wound Infection in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients of Urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Ahmed Emara; Hany Elrakhawy; Moataz Rezk; Ahmed Elmorsy

Ahmed Emara Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Hany Elrakhawy Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Moataz Rezk Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Ahmed Elmorsy Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

Keywords: Elevated Glycated Hemoglobin, Sternal Wound, Infection, Diabetic Patients, Non-Diabetic Patients, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract

Background: Incidence of cardiovascular diseases is high, and it occurs earlier in diabetic patient. This study aimed to examine the impact of elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the development of sternal wound infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients who undergo isolated urgent coronary surgery.

Methods: This prospective study included all patients undergoing urgent coronary surgery through standard median sternotomy at Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Benha University Hospital. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n=40): diabetic cases and Group 2 (n=35): non-diabetic cases.

Results: The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that only HbA1c was a significant predictor for AF. While HbA1c, FBG and EF were the only significant predictors for sternal wound infection. Also, only HbA1c and FBG were significant predictors for 30-day mortality.

Conclusion: Patients with a higher HbA1c percentage experienced a higher incidence of deep sternal incision infection and mortality subsequent to coronary artery bypass grafting, as indicated by the findings. This suggests that diabetic patients need for stringent glycemic control prior to any surgical interventions.