The effect of gender on short and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract

Background: There is no consensus on the effect of gender on the outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Thus, this study aimed to describe gender differences in CABG and evaluate the impact of gender on the short and long-term outcomes after CABG.

Methods: This study was conducted on 195 CABG patients. The patients were grouped according to gender into two groups: males (n= 142) and females (n= 53). Study endpoints were hospital outcomes (drainage, myocardial infarction (MI), neurological and renal complications, sternal wound infection, and mortality) and the long-term composite endpoint of recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and mortality.

Results: Male patients were significantly younger than females (P= 0.025) and had a significantly lower Euro SCORE (P<0.001). The number of distal anastomoses was significantly more in males, and total arterial revascularization was more commonly used in males (P= 0.002 for both). Postoperative drainage was substantially higher in males than in females (P<0.001). There were no differences in other postoperative complications between groups. The median follow-up duration for males was 58 (47- 67) months vs. 61 (48- 65) months for females. Recurrent angina occurred in ten males (7.04%) vs. five females (9.43%) (log-rank P= 0.547). MI during follow-up occurred in 3 males (2.11%) and none in females. Coronary reintervention occurred in three males (2.11%) vs. three females (5.66%) (log-rank P= 0.614). Five males had follow-up mortality (3.52%) vs. two females (3.77%) (Log-rank P= 0.957). The composite endpoint of death, MI, recurrent angina, and coronary reintervention occurred in 16 males (11.27%) vs. eight females (15.09%) (Log-rank P= 0.464).

Conclusions: This study revealed that there could be no difference in the outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting between males and females.